There are five main female reproductive problems: ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and infertility.
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. Most ovarian cysts are benign (noncancerous) and go away on their own within a few months. However, some ovarian cysts may be cancerous.
Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can range in size from tiny to very large. Many women with uterine fibroids have no symptoms; others may experience heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or problems getting pregnant.
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of the uterus. This can cause painful periods, pelvic pain, and difficulty getting pregnant. Endometriosis affects about 10% of women of childbearing age.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormone imbalance disorder that affects about 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. PCOS causes small follicles to form on the ovaries instead of one large follicle. This can lead to irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and weight gain. Some women with PCOS also have trouble getting pregnant.
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying unsuccessfully. Infertility affects about 15% percentof couples trying to conceive
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